ترجمه سیاسی- متن ششم

Civildisobedience

Civil disobedience is theactive, professed refusal to obey certain laws, demands, and commands of agovement, or of an occupying inteational power. Civil disobedience iscommonly, though not always, defined as being nonviolent resistance. It is one form of civil resistance. In one view it could be saidthat it is compassion in the form of respectfuldisagreement.

In seeking an active form ofcivil disobedience, one may choose to deliberately break certain laws, such asby forming a peaceful blockade or occupying a facility illegally, thoughsometimes violence has been known to occur. Protesters practice thisnon-violent form of civil disorder with the expectation thatthey will be arrested. Others also expect to be attacked or even beaten by theauthorities. Protesters often undergo training in advance on how to react toarrest or to attack, so that they will do so in a manner that quietly or limplyresists without threatening the authorities.

Civil disobedience is usuallydefined as pertaining to a citizen's relation to the state and its laws, asdistinguished from a constitutional in which two public agencies,especially two equally sovereign branches of govement, conflict. For instance, ifthe head of govement of a country were to refuseto enforce a decision of that country's highest court, it would not be civildisobedience, since the head of govement would be acting in her or hiscapacity as public official rather than private citizen.

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