ترجمه متون سیاسی-متن اول

MEANING AND SCOPE OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

Jean Bodin (1530 – 1596) a Frenchpolitical philosopher coined the term “Political Science”. Political science isa branch of social science. The study of Political science is of great significanceand importance in the present day “Global village”.

Political Science is the study of thestate. According to Gaer Political science begins and ends with the state. Itmay be defined as the study of man in the process of goveing himself. Accordingto Catlin, politics means either activities of political life or the study ofthose activities, which are generally treated as activities of the variousorgans of govement. According to R.N. Gilchrist, political science deals withgeneral problems of the state and govement. The great Greek politicalphilosopher, Aristotle (384 – 322 B.C.) was the first thinker to use the term‘politics’. The term “Politics” is derived from the Greek word ‘Polis’ whichmeans city – state.

Polis or city – state was a smallindependent self – contained political society. Greeks did not make anydistinction between politics and society. These Greek city–states of ancienttimes provide an ideal point for the beginning of a systematic study of politicalscience.

Unlike, the ancient Greeks, we live inlarge territorial states today. Greek meaning of the state can be extended tothe study of the mode state. In the words of the French scholar, Paul Janet,political science is that part of social science which treats the foundationsof the state and principles of govement. Broadly speaking, the scope ofpolitical science may be divided into three parts:

1) Scope of political scienceconceing the state.

2) Scope of political science withreference to human rights.

3)Scope of political science in relation to govement.