اصول و روش ترجمه، متن اول و دوم

Amphibians

For a long time,amphibians were confused with reptiles. Like reptiles, they havethree-chambered hearts. Some amphibians, salamanders, are shaped like some ofthe lizards. Thus it is not always easy to distinguish the two groups. Unlikereptiles, amphibians never have claws on their toes and seldom have scales ontheir bodies. Further, the eggs of amphibians never have shells, so they mustbe laid in water or in moist places. Young amphibians may live in the water, asdo the tadpoles of our common frogs and toads, but almost all adult amphibiansare air-breathers. Most have lungs, but even those that do are able to breathethrough the moist surface of their skins. Our common kinds of frogs will quicklydie if their skins dry out, but they cannot be easily drowned.

Athletics

Athletics is the name forrunning, walking, jumping and throwing sports. Running, walking, jumping andthrowing were important before athletics was a sport. If a man is a goodrunner, walker, jumper, and thrower, he was also a good hunter.

Athletics is the oldestsport. The ancient Greeks began it. They had the Olympic Games every four yearsuntil 393 A.D. these games were very popular. The women athletes had their own gamesevery four years.

To the Greeks, a healthbody was as important as a healthy mind. Greek athletes ate cheese, bread, andmeat. They never ate bread and meat together; they had bread for breakfast and meatfor dinner.