ترجمه متون سیاسی، متن دوم

Nationalism

Nationalism is a belief, creed or political ideology that involves an individual identifying with, or becoming attached to, one's nation.¹ Nationalism involves national identity, by contrast with the related construct of patriotism, which involves the social conditioning and personal behaviors that support a state's decisions and actions.²

From a psychological perspective, nationalism (national attachment) is distinct from other types of attachment, for example, attachment to a religion.³The desire for interpersonal attachment, or the need to belong, is one of the most fundamental human motivations.⁴ Like any attachment, nationalism can become dysfunctional if excessively applied.⁵

From a political or sociological perspective, there are two main perspectives on the origins and basis of nationalism.⁶One is the primordialist perspective that describes nationalism as a reflection of the ancient and perceived evolutionary tendency of humans to organize into distinct groupings based on an affinity of birth.⁷ The other is the modernist perspective that describes nationalism as a recent phenomenon that requires the structural conditions of modern society in order to exist.⁸

There are various definitions for what constitutes a nation, however, which leads to several different strands of nationalism.⁹ It can be a belief that citizenship in a state should be limited to one ethnic, cultural, religious, or identity group, or that multinationality in a single state should necessarily comprise the right to express and exercise national identity even by minorities.¹⁰

The adoption of national identity in terms of historical development has commonly been the result of a response by influential groups unsatisfied with traditional identities due to inconsistency between their defined social order and the experience of that social order by its members, resulting in a situation of anomie that nationalists seek to resolve.¹¹This anomie results in a society or societies reinterpreting identity, retaining elements that are deemed acceptable and removing elements deemed unacceptable, in order to create a unified community.¹² This development may be the result of internal structural issues or the result of resentment by an existing group or groups towards other communities, especially foreign powers that are or are deemed to be controlling them.¹³

چند نکته:

1.     از نثر محاوره‌ای و صورت شکستۀ فعل استفاده نکنید.

2.     پاراگراف بندی را مانند متن اصلی رعایت کنید.

3.     در انتخاب معادل فارسی برای  Nationalism به تفاوت معنایی میهن دوستی و ناسینونالیسم در زبان فارسی توجه کنید و با توجه به بافت متن معادل مناسب را انتخاب نمائبد.

4.     در جمله اول or becoming attached to  جمله معترضه است. دقت کنید که one's nation به identifying with بر می گردد.  

5.     مشخص کنید مرجع which   در جملة دوم national identity است یا patriotism؟

6.      معادل پیشنهادی شما برای واژۀ  dysfunctional در جملة پنجم چیست؟

7.     پیش از ترجمۀ پاراگراف سوم اطمینان حاصل نمایید تمایز میان Primordialist perspective و Modernist perspective را به خوبی درک نموده‌اید.

8.     در سطر آخر، نویسنده بر آن است تا از قدرتهای خارجی که می‌خواهند کنترل یک جامعه را به دست آورند و یا تصور می‌شود در صدد آن هستند یاد کند. این مفهوم را چگونه در ترجمۀ خود منعکس می‌کنید؟