ترجمه متون سیاسی، متن دوم

Nationalism

Nationalism is a belief, creed or politicalideology that involves an individual identifying with, or becoming attached to,one's nation.¹ Nationalism involves national identity, by contrastwith the related construct of patriotism, which involves the socialconditioning and personal behaviors that support a state's decisions andactions.²

From apsychological perspective, nationalism (national attachment) is distinct fromother types of attachment, for example, attachment to a religion.³The desire for interpersonal attachment, or the need to belong, is one of themost fundamental human motivations.⁴ Like any attachment,nationalism can become dysfunctional if excessively applied.⁵

From a political or sociological perspective,there are two main perspectives on the origins and basis of nationalism.⁶One is the primordialist perspective that describes nationalism as a reflectionof the ancient and perceived evolutionary tendency of humans to organize intodistinct groupings based on an affinity of birth.⁷ The other is themodeist perspective that describes nationalism as a recent phenomenon thatrequires the structural conditions of mode society in order to exist.⁸

There are various definitions for whatconstitutes a nation, however, which leads to several different strands ofnationalism.⁹ It can be a belief that citizenship in a state shouldbe limited to one ethnic, cultural, religious, or identity group, or thatmultinationality in a single state should necessarily comprise the right toexpress and exercise national identity even by minorities.¹⁰

The adoption of national identity interms of historical development has commonly been the result of a response byinfluential groups unsatisfied with traditional identities due to inconsistencybetween their defined social order and the experience of that social order byits members, resulting in a situation of anomie that nationalists seek to resolve.¹¹This anomie results in a society or societies reinterpreting identity,retaining elements that are deemed acceptable and removing elements deemedunacceptable, in order to create a unified community.¹² Thisdevelopment may be the result of inteal structural issues or the result ofresentment by an existing group or groups towards other communities, especiallyforeign powers that are or are deemed to be controlling them.¹³

چند نکته:

1. از نثر محاورهای و صورت شکستۀ فعل استفادهنکنید.

2. پاراگراف بندی را مانند متن اصلی رعایت کنید.

3. در انتخاب معادل فارسی برای Nationalism بهتفاوت معنایی میهن دوستی و ناسینونالیسم در زبان فارسی توجه کنید و با توجه بهبافت متن معادل مناسب را انتخاب نمائبد.

4. در جمله اول or becoming attached to جملهمعترضه است. دقت کنید که one'snation به identifying with بر می گردد.

5. مشخص کنید مرجع which درجملة دوم nationalidentity استیا patriotism؟

6. معادل پیشنهادی شما برای واژۀ dysfunctional در جملة پنجم چیست؟

7. پیش از ترجمۀ پاراگراف سوم اطمینان حاصل نماییدتمایز میان Primordialistperspective و Modeist perspective را به خوبی درک نمودهاید.

8. در سطر آخر، نویسنده بر آن است تا از قدرتهایخارجی که میخواهند کنترل یک جامعه را به دست آورند و یا تصور میشود در صدد آن هستندیاد کند. این مفهوم را چگونه در ترجمۀ خود منعکس میکنید؟